zhusujiagongzhushechengxingxinjishudeyingyong
，dongguanshikehuajingmizhusujiagongchangjiabiaoshisuizhesuliaozhusujiagongchanpinyingyongderiyiguangfanhesuliaochengxinggongyidefeisufazhan，renmenduisuliaozhipindeyaoqiuyeyuelaiyuegao。jinjinianlai，suliaochengxingzhanxianshangdekejigongzuozhe，duiruhekuodazhushechengxingdeyingyongfanwei
、縮短注塑加工成型周期
、減少成型缺陷、提高塑件注塑加工成型質量、降低生產成本等方麵進行了深入的探討、研(yan)究(jiu)與(yu)實(shi)踐(jian)，取(qu)得(de)了(le)可(ke)喜(xi)的(de)成(cheng)績(ji)，模(mo)具(ju)的(de)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)和(he)注(zhu)塑(su)加(jia)工(gong)注(zhu)射(she)成(cheng)型(xing)的(de)新(xin)工(gong)藝(yi)層(ceng)出(chu)不(bu)窮(qiong)。在(zai)這(zhe)裏(li)，僅(jin)介(jie)紹(shao)目(mu)前(qian)應(ying)用(yong)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)熱(re)固(gu)性(xing)塑(su)料(liao)注(zhu)射(she)成(cheng)型(xing)
、氣體輔助注射成型、精密注射成型、低發泡注射成型、共注射成型、排氣注射成型和反應注射成型等。

一
、熱固性塑料注射成型工藝概述

zhusujiagongzhushechengxingxinjishudeyingyong，reguxingyuresuxingliangzhongsuliaodezhushechengxingyuanlijiqiguochengsuiranyoubushaoxiangfangzhichu，danyouyuerzhedehuaxuexingzhibutong，tamenzhijianyeyouhendadechayi。reguxingsuliaozhusheyuanlishijiangchengxingwuliaocongzhushejideliaodousongruliaotongneijiarebingzailuogandexuanzhuanzuoyongxiarongrongsuhua
，shizhichengweijunyundenianliutairongti
，tongguoluogandegaoyatuidong，shizhexierongtiyihendadeliusujingguoliaotongqianduandepenzuizhushejinrugaowenxingqiang，jingguoyiduanshijiandebaoyabusuohejiaolianfanyingzhihou
，guhuachengxingweisujianxingzhuang，ranhoukaimoquchusujian。henmingxian，dancongyuanlishangjiang

，reguxingheresuxingliangzhongsuliaodezhushechengxingdezhuyaochayibiaoxianzairongtizhurumojuhoudeguhuachengxingjieduan。resuxingzhushesujiandeguhuajibenshangshiyigeconggaowenyexiangdaodiwenguxiangzhuanbiandewuliguocheng，erreguxingzhushesujiandeguhuaquebixuyilaiyugaowengaoyaxiadejiaolianhuaxuefanying。zhengshiyouyuzheyichayi，daozhiliangzhedezhusujiagonggongyitiaojianbutong。

(一)溫度

(1)料溫：yuresuxingzhushechengxinggongyiyiyang，liaowenbaokuosuhuawenduhezhushewendu，tamenfenbiequjueyuliaotonghepenzuiliangbufendewendu。danyouyureguxingheresuxingzhushechengxingguochengdexingzhibutong，liangzheduiliaotonghepenzuidewenduyaoqiuyouchayi。duiyureguxingsuliao，dongguanshimachikezhusujiagongchangjiaweilefangzhirongtizailiaotongneifashengzaoqiyinghua
，bingjianguliaotongwenduduisuhuadeyingxiangbujiwuliaoneidejianqiemocazhiyingxiang，suoyiqingxiangyuliaotongwenduquxiaozhi。raner
，liaotongwenduguofendishi，wuliaorongrongjiaoman，luoganyushengliaozhijianhuichanshenghendademocare
，zhexiereliangfanerhuibiliaotongchuyujiaogaowendushigengrongyishirongtifashengzaoqiyinghua。yinci
，shengchanzhongyingduiliaotongwendujinxingyangekongzhi。tongchang，liaotongdewendufenliangduanhuosanduansheding。fenliangduanshedingshi，duiyubutongdewuliao，houduanwendukezai20~70℃內選取，而前段則在70~95℃內選物料，後段(加(jia)料(liao)例(li)
，還(hai)取(qu)時(shi)應(ying)考(kao)患(huan)熔(rong)體(ti)與(yu)噴(pen)孔(kong)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)熱(re)，這(zhe)部(bu)分(fen)熱(re)是(shi)一(yi)般(ban)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)溫(wen)升(sheng)。原(yuan)則(ze)上(shang)講(jiang)，通(tong)常(chang)都(dou)要(yao)求(qiu)熔(rong)體(ti)經(jing)過(guo)噴(pen)嘴(zui)後(hou)
，其(qi)溫(wen)度(du)一(yi)方(fang)具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)流(liu)動(dong)性(xing)，另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)又(you)能(neng)接(jie)近(jin)於(yu)硬(ying)化(hua)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)臨(lin)界(jie)值(zhi)
，這(zhe)樣(yang)既(ji)可(ke)保(bao)證(zheng)注(zhu)充(chong)型(xing)，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)有(you)利(li)於(yu)硬(ying)化(hua)定(ding)型(xing)。為(wei)此(ci)，一(yi)般(ban)都(dou)將(jiang)噴(pen)嘴(zui)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)取(qu)值(zhi)高(gao)於(yu)料(liao)簡(jian)溫(wen)度(du)。對(dui)於(yu)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)物(wu)料(liao)
，噴(pen)嘴(zui)溫(wen)度(du)可(ke)在(zai)75~100℃內選擇和控製

，在此溫度下，熔體通過噴嘴後
，溫度可達 100~130℃,這樣便有可能滿足上述兩方麵要求。

(2)模具溫度：模mo具ju溫wen度du是shi影ying響xiang熱re固gu性xing塑su件jian硬ying化hua定ding型xing的de關guan鍵jian因yin素su，直zhi接jie關guan係xi到dao成cheng型xing質zhi量liang的de好hao壞huai和he生sheng產chan效xiao率lv的de高gao低di。模mo溫wen過guo低di，硬ying化hua時shi間jian長chang
，而er模mo溫wen太tai高gao時shi
，又you會hui因yin硬ying化hua速su度du過guo快kuai難nan於yu排pai出chu低di分fen子zi揮hui發fa氣qi體ti，導dao致zhi塑su件jian出chu現xian組zu織zhi疏shu鬆song、起泡和顏色發暗等缺陷。通常
，對於不同的物料
，模具溫度的選擇和控製範圍為150~220℃.另外，動模溫度有時還需要比定模高出10~15℃,這樣會更有利於塑件硬化定型。

(二)成型周期

zhusujiagongzhushechengxingxinjishudeyingyong
，reguxingsuliaozhushechengxingzhouqibaokuodeshijianneirongjibenshangyuresuxingsuliaozhusheshixiangtong
，danreguxingsujiandelengquedingxingshijianxiangyingyuresuxingsujianlaijiang，yingdanggaiweiyinghuadingxingshijian。reguxingsuliaochengxingzhouqizhongzhongyaodeshizhusheshijianheyinghuadingxingshijian
，erbaoyashijianjikeshuyuzhusheshijian，yikeshuyuyinghuashijian
，danyejingchangdandukaolv。yibanqingkuangxia，guochandereguxingzhushewuliaodezhusheshijianxu2~10s,保壓時間需5~20s, 硬化定型時間在15~100s內選擇，注塑加工成型周期總共需45~120s.danxuyaozhichu
，quezhunzaitongxingtijiandeshihuadingxingshijianshi，bujinyaokaodejiegoutongxujiang，dehaohuai，tebieshigenjuxingjiandadingshixiangduhe
，tongbandeguochanzhushewuliaochonghunhoudeyinghuashikegenjujiandedapin，ke8qiyingzhuzongweidujinxingjisuan
，dansuizhesuliaoshengchanjishudebuduanfazhan，youxiereguxingzhushewuliaodeyinghuasuduyijibenshangdadaoguowaikuaisuzhushewuliaodeyinghuasudu。

(三)壓力

(1)注射壓力與注射速度：與yu熱re塑su性xing注zhu射she成cheng型xing注zhu塑su加jia工gong工gong藝yi相xiang似si
，熱re固gu性xing注zhu射she成cheng型xing工gong藝yi的de注zhu射she壓ya力li與yu注zhu射she速su度du也ye密mi切qie相xiang關guan。由you於yu熔rong料liao中zhong填tian料liao較jiao多duo
，黏nian度du大da，且qie在zai注zhu射she過guo程cheng中zhong對dui熔rong體ti有you溫wen升sheng要yao求qiu，所suo以yi注zhu射she壓ya力li一yi般ban要yao選xuan擇ze得de大da一yi些xie。根gen據ju不bu同tong物wu料liao，注zhu射she壓ya力li常chang用yong範fan圍wei為wei100~ 170MPa,少(shao)數(shu)物(wu)料(liao)也(ye)可(ke)取(qu)比(bi)此(ci)值(zhi)範(fan)圍(wei)較(jiao)低(di)或(huo)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)數(shu)值(zhi)。原(yuan)則(ze)上(shang)講(jiang)，與(yu)注(zhu)射(she)壓(ya)力(li)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)注(zhu)射(she)速(su)度(du)也(ye)應(ying)選(xuan)大(da)一(yi)些(xie)，這(zhe)樣(yang)有(you)利(li)於(yu)縮(suo)短(duan)流(liu)動(dong)充(chong)型(xing)和(he)硬(ying)化(hua)定(ding)型(xing)時(shi)間(jian)，同(tong)時(shi)還(hai)能(neng)避(bi)免(mian)熔(rong)體(ti)在(zai)流(liu)道(dao)中(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)早(zao)期(qi)硬(ying)化(hua)，減(jian)少(shao)塑(su)件(jian)表(biao)麵(mian)出(chu)現(xian)熔(rong)接(jie)痕(hen)和(he)流(liu)動(dong)紋(wen)。但(dan)如(ru)果(guo)注(zhu)射(she)速(su)度(du)過(guo)大(da)
，又(you)容(rong)易(yi)將(jiang)空(kong)氣(qi)卷(juan)入(ru)型(xing)腔(qiang)和(he)熔(rong)體(ti)，從(cong)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)塑(su)件(jian)表(biao)麵(mian)出(chu)現(xian)氣(qi)泡(pao)等(deng)缺(que)陷(xian)。根(gen)據(ju)目(mu)前(qian)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)驗(yan)

，熱(re)固(gu)性(xing)塑(su)料(liao)的(de)注(zhu)射(she)速(su)度(du)可(ke)取(qu)3~4.5m/min.

(2)保壓壓力和保壓時間：保(bao)壓(ya)壓(ya)力(li)和(he)保(bao)壓(ya)時(shi)間(jian)直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)型(xing)腔(qiang)壓(ya)力(li)以(yi)及(ji)塑(su)件(jian)的(de)收(shou)縮(suo)和(he)密(mi)度(du)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)。目(mu)前(qian)，由(you)於(yu)熱(re)固(gu)性(xing)注(zhu)射(she)熔(rong)料(liao)的(de)硬(ying)化(hua)速(su)度(du)比(bi)以(yi)前(qian)有(you)很(hen)大(da)提(ti)高(gao)，且(qie)模(mo)具(ju)大(da)多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)點(dian)澆(jiao)口(kou)
，澆(jiao)口(kou)凍(dong)結(jie)比(bi)較(jiao)迅(xun)速(su)，所(suo)以(yi)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)保(bao)壓(ya)壓(ya)力(li)可(ke)比(bi)注(zhu)射(she)壓(ya)力(li)稍(shao)低(di)一(yi)些(xie)。保(bao)壓(ya)時(shi)間(jian)比(bi)注(zhu)射(she)熱(re)塑(su)性(xing)塑(su)料(liao)略(lve)微(wei)減(jian)少(shao)些(xie)，但(dan)應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)物(wu)料(liao)以(yi)及(ji)塑(su)件(jian)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)和(he)澆(jiao)口(kou)凍(dong)結(jie)速(su)度(du)而(er)定(ding)，通(tong)常(chang)取(qu) 5~20s.熱固性注射成型的型腔壓力約為30~70MPa.

(3)背壓和螺杆轉速：注zhu射she熱re固gu性xing塑su料liao時shi，螺luo杆gan的de背bei壓ya不bu能neng太tai大da，否fou則ze，物wu料liao在zai螺luo杆gan中zhong會hui受shou到dao長chang距ju離li壓ya縮suo作zuo用yong，從cong而er使shi注zhu射she困kun難nan或huo導dao致zhi熔rong體ti過guo早zao硬ying化hua，因yin此ci注zhu射she熱re固gu性xing塑su料liao時shi的de背bei壓ya一yi般ban都dou比bi注zhu射she熱re塑su性xing塑su料liao時shi取qu得de小xiao，為wei3.4~5.2MPa,bingqiezailuoganqidongshikeyijiejinyuling。zaimouxieqingkuangxia

，shenzhihaikefangsongbeiyafa，jinyongzhusheluoganhoutuishidemocazulizuoweibeiya。danyeyingzhuyi

，beiyaguoxiaoshi，wuliaoyichongrukongqi，jiliangbuwending，suhuabujunyun。zhushereguxingsuliaoshi，yubeiyaxiangguandeluoganzhuansuyebuyiqudeguoda，fouzewuliaorongyizailiaotongneishourebujunyun
，congerchanshengsuhuabuliangdejieguo。yibanluogandezhuansuzai30~70r/min範圍內選取。

(四)其他工藝條件

(1)wuliaozailiaotongzhongdecunliushijianjiqizhusheliangzhushejimeiwanchengyicizhushedongzuo，luogandecaozhonghuiliuyouyibufenyibeisuhuahaoderongtiweinengzhushechuqu，zhexierongtisuiranzaiyihoudezhusheguochengzhongbeizhujiantuichuliaotong，dantamenhenrongyizailiaotongzhongyincunliushijianguochangerfashengjiaolianyinghua，congerqingzeyingxiangsujiandechengxingzhiliang
，zhongzehuidaozhizhushejiwufajixugongzuo，weici，bixukongzhireguxingsuliaozailiaotongneidecunliushijian。wuliaozailiaotongneidetingliushijianyum/m;和成型周期t有關
，但t.絕(jue)不(bu)能(neng)超(chao)過(guo)物(wu)料(liao)所(suo)允(yun)許(xu)的(de)塑(su)化(hua)時(shi)間(jian)
，否(fou)則(ze)，物(wu)料(liao)將(jiang)會(hui)在(zai)料(liao)筒(tong)中(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng)硬(ying)化(hua)。生(sheng)產(chan)時(shi)就(jiu)經(jing)常(chang)需(xu)要(yao)空(kong)注(zhu)射(she)才(cai)能(neng)防(fang)止(zhi)物(wu)料(liao)在(zai)料(liao)筒(tong)內(nei)過(guo)早(zao)發(fa)生(sheng)硬(ying)化(hua)。很(hen)明(ming)顯(xian)，這(zhe)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)很(hen)大(da)的(de)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)浪(lang)費(fei)。

(2)排氣：由you於yu熱re固gu性xing注zhu射she塑su件jian在zai硬ying化hua定ding型xing過guo程cheng中zhong會hui有you大da量liang反fan應ying氣qi體ti揮hui發fa
，因yin此ci排pai氣qi問wen題ti對dui熱re固gu性xing物wu料liao注zhu射she就jiu顯xian得de非fei常chang重zhong要yao。除chu了le在zai模mo具ju中zhong必bi須xu設she計ji應ying有you的de排pai氣qi係xi統tong外wai，還hai必bi須xu考kao慮lv注zhu塑su加jia工gong注zhu射she成cheng型xing操cao作zuo時shi是shi否fou需xu要yao采cai取qu卸xie壓ya開kai模mo放fang氣qi措cuo施shi。通tong常chang，這zhe一yi措cuo施shi對dui於yu厚hou壁bi塑su件jian都dou是shi必bi需xu的de
，卸xie壓ya開kai模mo時shi間jian可ke控kong製zhi在zai0.2s。

(3)熱固性注射物料的典型工藝條件：前(qian)麵(mian)一(yi)般(ban)性(xing)地(di)闡(chan)述(shu)了(le)熱(re)固(gu)性(xing)注(zhu)塑(su)加(jia)工(gong)注(zhu)射(she)成(cheng)型(xing)的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)
，東(dong)莞(guan)市(shi)馬(ma)馳(chi)科(ke)注(zhu)塑(su)加(jia)工(gong)廠(chang)家(jia)列(lie)出(chu)了(le)九(jiu)種(zhong)熱(re)固(gu)性(xing)塑(su)料(liao)的(de)典(dian)型(xing)注(zhu)射(she)成(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)，可(ke)供(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)參(can)考(kao)使(shi)用(yong)。但(dan)應(ying)當(dang)注(zhu)意(yi)

，熱(re)固(gu)性(xing)注(zhu)射(she)成(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)仍(reng)處(chu)在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)階(jie)段(duan)
，注(zhu)塑(su)加(jia)工(gong)注(zhu)射(she)成(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)還(hai)將(jiang)不(bu)斷(duan)改(gai)進(jin)。另(ling)外(wai)，相(xiang)同(tong)塑(su)料(liao)的(de)注(zhu)射(she)成(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)也(ye)會(hui)因(yin)品(pin)級(ji)不(bu)同(tong)、塑件不同或生產廠家不同而有差異。